Formation of the Indian National Congress (INC)
“Indian National Congress sessions and SR Study test series”
The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on 28 December 1885 by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant. It was established to provide a platform for Indians to discuss their grievances and present them to the British government. Initially a moderate organization, the INC later evolved into the primary force behind India’s independence movement.
Key Details of Formation:
- Date: December 28, 1885
- Place: Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay (now Mumbai)
- President: W.C. Bonnerjee
- Attendees: 72 delegates from different regions of India
Objective:
To create a platform for educated Indians to articulate their demands and foster unity among people of different regions, castes, and religions.
All Sessions of the Indian National Congress (INC)
Here’s a detailed list of key sessions, including year, place, President, and the important outcomes. This is especially useful for UPSC, UPPSC, and other state exams.
| Year | Place | President | Key Outcome/Importance |
| 1885 | Bombay | W.C. Bonnerjee | First session; focus on socio-economic reforms and administrative transparency. |
| 1886 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji | Advocated for political rights and national unity. |
| 1887 | Madras | Badruddin Tyabji | First Muslim President; emphasized Hindu-Muslim unity. |
| 1906 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji | Adopted the resolution of Swaraj (self-rule). |
| 1907 | Surat | Rash Behari Ghosh | The infamous split between Moderates and Extremists. |
| 1916 | Lucknow | Ambica Charan Mazumdar | Lucknow Pact: INC and Muslim League united for common political objectives. |
| 1919 | Amritsar | Motilal Nehru | Condemned the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. |
| 1920 | Nagpur | C. Vijayaraghavachariar | Adopted the Non-Cooperation Movement under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership. |
| 1929 | Lahore | Jawaharlal Nehru | Purna Swaraj Declaration: India’s complete independence was declared as a goal. |
| 1931 | Karachi | Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel | Adopted the Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme. |
| 1942 | Bombay | Maulana Abul Kalam Azad | Passed the historic Quit India Resolution, marking the final phase of the freedom struggle. |
| 1946 | Meerut | Acharya Kripalani | Advocated for interim government formation, leading to independence in 1947. |
Highlights of Important Sessions
- 1885 (Bombay)
- First session.
- Discussed socio-economic issues and representation in legislative councils.
- 1907 (Surat)
- Split between Moderates (Gopal Krishna Gokhale) and Extremists (Bal Gangadhar Tilak).
- 1916 (Lucknow)
- Pact with the Muslim League for joint demands to the British government.
- 1929 (Lahore)
- Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was declared as the primary objective.
- 1942 (Bombay)
- Quit India Movement launched with the slogan “Do or Die.”
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